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7 V6 C% t5 W4 I+ h! lTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网2 U, Q4 G: l& B) n" vmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ0 {6 j/ ?' w- O3 L3 Z" {& t
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2 y$ Z4 Z1 w0 ^4 x) l; {- Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。$ ~% X: a B% K5 I' k9 H% |# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* Y3 e2 o' \9 i7 x( N( k0 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：. H4 t2 P V' E1 d. _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 h3 j- d+ n$ t o. m$ o- r( gmso-font-kerning:0pt">55 J, h: E6 r* r8 q. k- o+ a" I
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2 K1 ]2 r; R3 i& U* n1 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：- \8 _. c: b' f) L7 W* Q$ {
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% B# G& ^' ~6 S! W: Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。8 b2 h9 C5 h( h! v) z* x% K& D" Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& q8 ^3 P+ L# |6 [5 a7 Hmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
/ q2 Q$ }2 o6 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：0 N) _6 {" n1 M$ Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。; t# p5 H& @9 C) k* y( F( P1 B' }9 |3 B
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[: ~5 X& M/ @& i. x" }# k( ]! Y. e- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：. T8 r$ P9 _4 R. M* c' Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“; C0 n m; G) }7 p9 R7 o5 V) X4 |mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
) g/ K' v3 q; V1 ]( U- Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？3 Z5 ~* l9 O8 a- m8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 J6 i' X# C' C/ M+ Q. C# e
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7 X6 {- |3 \1 B. Smso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 Y* Y- d4 h; u6 j5 i1 g( t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 o* ^: l1 o0 v; i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。& E) D, p7 t3 K* [; m8 S& hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( f7 q% L2 l' y2 T- c) ?1 C" m10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( x! J% y, |* J! A; S9 U' B6 h
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0 B% w1 j6 E# H- G2 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 m1 N! E: @* D( L' A! P; r
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3 b2 A( d( v2 R3 v1 O. ` umso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：7 ?" g6 U3 C" A+ ]4 N+ y& j. B0pt">"3 N4 A1 a. s8 smso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:" B1 f. K7 v* ~7 [& e/ B
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。' O! C/ X6 ]6 |" k6 {3 x- i) ]$ L
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$ _- ]6 E5 A4 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：# x: n9 S6 L$ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">", t& a3 |. Y8 a1 W l2 a
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& Z" j- C# M4 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢0 C$ G& K+ v1 k* {2 O, }* Z2 O& [
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( n: i( c! T Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! Y$ {( a& j. Y( U/ W% J( d
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( D, }7 @ j% o- gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。$ L: B0 j( n1 x; S( zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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: Q5 e. K4 S5 ?- y0 f5 i- G# B* \& e, Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是+ M2 m C& w5 c% }* g. C& n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" | @' Z6 l# Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 r; P) v* ?$ S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! m4 C) ^5 B C6 D8 z! k7 A8 l
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! D m* T9 e- X y( Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得1 j$ z5 a! i! g
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6 L9 m( m% _2 o1 H; H6 N0 i6 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' C" A( m5 p3 ?) M. e
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& R8 i, |3 |/ G, Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲/ Z; D) |" d) w; q( Y" Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 j) N& c6 C( D I- `3 ?; D
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1 ^5 N: o8 s, _2 o1 h smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，2 L3 }, {+ d& @! m* X+ ?, n( {9 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 h# u0 s8 H' A8 p$ X' |+ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' i$ f8 w4 d; O& C9 I; ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) Q, _9 ]3 _& B5 w+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”! d6 K5 t; }3 f3 n3 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. z2 x& Z; L0 z- f5 R5 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。. P1 V" W3 A% [7 n! emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% Z" E' G5 |/ h. Z; D8 n4 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。6 p+ f& Y& ]+ o* t. w/ o4 ^3 V
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& q8 L1 O) V. r" _! l1 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义" c6 J H8 C& l: l* C' l/ ]) Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！/ k1 l& o5 W$ Z4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) P' K. E, {2 Z8 R/ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 C2 f( m# X; Z Z- i5 z, s! Z5 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。 X4 w" v( Q! o; R$ ?! p+ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 [, j5 i! }; FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述! v% U) ~+ z7 [/ I# T& S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊& w+ O! i7 N; g4 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。, P5 w3 K7 e6 J! D3 v/ a3 Z. _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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/ q# k W4 ~- z5 y* ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。( t; m W9 J/ E" K7 h* e
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 d) ?2 j( ?0 J) j$ w8 O# tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 I: u, O; j# |: P, Y! @+ dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 v2 @ E4 @# z4 O0 l- g6 K" q: V3 ^7 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：; L6 u- D+ X, Z, x6 I4 g5 V' q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。$ k3 B% _6 n8 A8 i+ X6 j7 Q9 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个, a, c. I; s. Y$ l' G& N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬- J- u1 }- n6 q; b# Q1 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”; {1 V$ Q# B3 p4 E5 X1 H4 S Z
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# @" D$ I- R' g6 ^6 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为' N3 q& F8 r' r( {$ ~# S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道; V& |% v! }5 H3 W9 c; I1 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。# R e& g) S4 O1 v# s' xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的' j+ ]5 D* \- f8 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思0 J/ ~" O+ j7 J: T9 o9 x5 x+ G+ }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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