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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. b* j& M1 ]7 d. h' `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：$ L1 A7 y# l4 o/ W& d8 [/ A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。2 A( m, c: G* N% Q9 L' N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。' W5 | f, I% ?# x1 B: ?4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( X* |$ @7 Z1 M( B" s- W+ `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* S) X+ m) ^% W. f! A! k/ }! ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">蔽4 j- o7 T, a2 v+ r
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9 @4 Q& \$ h# bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经3 E3 q+ `4 m9 M; e I4 [0 W
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$ t! Y, i# k% k0 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。) E1 R. J6 C# H4 {5 u8 p8 S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是& ]2 h E, D( ?# G* k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。$ ]: R$ G! |/ }" P; m( O# P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？0 Z! K: Z4 e; @+ D* P0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，4 m6 z$ R, m& b; F* ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">"! i0 ]( v( |1 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。7 e- a1 A$ P5 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) _" m- f5 @# v- Z3 A* A+ [+ C
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3 N. D. `8 r9 O7 Z6 emso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐. Z% t! K- \4 `) O* N* L10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: r% z& k) G! z$ A/ M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种$ N3 T4 @) W% s2 f
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e# A# @& i6 p3 ?3 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的! _* R# s7 ^1 q6 ?2 r& r4 R0 h1 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 V# }5 F1 G7 W( A
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& C2 M1 I' @: I* j9 ~' R2 F- \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，/ F W; \" `9 p% u( z4 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( J& b- u/ C, P% j! M5 k! _5 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' _/ ]& Z$ C( P3 h J, i* ~& T) ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教$ i) a5 _& A, A( f2 J% {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; I; c0 l: G) Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 b) |1 Z) d6 T* X+ z
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- d4 w/ i3 u2 x0 B3 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教$ T( w+ o' Q( O7 Q6 o% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">” g4 Y' U( Z9 s7 Z4 D, A1 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; n' P3 E: M/ \% Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。8 [# ?0 e* W5 q& `( Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 r# I4 r, }/ K2 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌8 n7 V: f, y! P; t/ O1 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">305, y7 r' f* ^ ^8 Z' X- F! ~* e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视( `7 K7 N2 Y! [/ g5 m$ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% u4 d+ Y+ s$ z9 a" h/ K0 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" F7 y2 y5 M/ x& Z7 V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗5 l/ A/ w. ]% T2 I5 F: V& x( m
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6 F+ M7 y) p: G$ X0 K( gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：' c* Y2 e! V; Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) \3 i9 b) a n' [' b6 A2 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) q7 O% ~/ ]( H7 o5 V* S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。, M* A/ }8 y0 e4 G% c! k8 F' Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% ` I0 `3 ~2 m! t" H$ S; L: ]' w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语' e, U U6 _- E7 ^3 |+ }
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1 }) T+ j# u' t6 x4 d+ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）! U: q- f' P. [ n$ S, Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 H: D" u, j @7 `" r1 J
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- Y3 G% g D# H! t d% k, U& Y, Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。) c9 F W2 S$ E3 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过" H/ n) L0 _$ g' h* s4 b5 k1 Y1 D
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' M: g9 r* Q3 C& D8 _% tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨/ S' s9 x5 c0 s9 ^; gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# U0 C" i5 d5 G$ D2 Y; @- kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% L9 \% r* Q" x% E% d" X4 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人( D' L7 t1 B7 A, s7 R& Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 ^, |" r1 ]% f2 y% u- E/ f# k$ R
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0 ?( m+ x8 n1 F; Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪8 s1 u9 g& ^% E t' q. F0 I8 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 |# {7 f4 f$ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% M, ? Q8 u9 j( `- s1 L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。+ s# ^3 S% W: E, V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 z; T+ M0 M& A% s0 Q* umso-font-kerning:0pt"> * }: U: U' J( \% S, B
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* z+ L0 ?- l3 \$ l4 e! OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。) e: }6 {1 R0 ?: h! c" D2 U7 i5 `- fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 A7 T1 L1 I! U2 h& O# i! N0 A3 a
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( Q( I/ U: D! k; b6 u, Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃6 P' K+ c, T8 [4 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" a, Z6 b: B! x7 `. E3 q. T! ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' v- B* \, A8 ]0 S. l- O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批; j+ i- ]& V8 N$ f g8 X4 z: g1 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) z$ d; {6 }) @; f8 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% H u/ s5 b4 y) ]3 \* a* {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”& i/ [ z, Q4 M+ e2 K5 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。9 }8 d" P/ y5 k* t' z; u$ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。9 L* ]3 b6 [( E+ s2 a+ E0 b- ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”. O! | ~1 M% O- kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 q A' l3 O/ K; a! v) ~- p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于5 Q6 V/ r/ a) u, _% A$ \" R/ S, o2 ~/ [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观% C* G/ `+ @# B. |* H
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" | W; l1 D& V% amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨3 w1 }% [) a9 f1 f8 I/ I7 ~2 o a' Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 i7 a1 G$ X L: [% E s. lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 z7 y" p' _! A% |! g$ h: a/ s$ p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓8 _8 D/ |/ D; D/ i" {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 n# U; J* o3 p7 o+ I% `6 E; X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ N5 d% Z. x: _: w* K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓 x- C- Q9 Z* @! J$ G0 r+ Q) p2 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观5 |' `; v, ^+ Z1 C
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! k2 Z) b% d0 U e nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓1 i5 h3 ^. e1 \; q# i. t+ Q. Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 ]7 b- e5 Y* {* K% B0 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ W, r6 b" `- Q: j' f! R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群& {) I0 r" B" G1 P( mmso-font-kerning:0pt">” O9 c/ M7 W# X4 z+ _
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1 x0 S: @7 v% W- J4 I) Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓" k+ c5 E& ~0 A6 F* c# y# s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- m: e Y- Y+ @! i/ Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼! O& G7 v4 ?) ?, {- u
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; J& \9 d9 |/ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤1 \7 g: n1 t' Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 t, \- ~- w) Q. o
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1 B! |+ \% k6 j. X4 l6 P: Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语/ u. q* M; R# D6 h, h, V* l, T
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9 k. D% J% B- gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能8 F- |/ }# V& |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒3 A5 h! |/ e% J, K# O, {; ~ imso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 t' M' [" x# i4 b# P; c4 w1 `2 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: {4 n3 d0 I0 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹$ ?8 R6 j0 A3 m5 X3 z6 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人" Y! t: [# E( s! F2 D+ A4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 M* k: ^& V1 f$ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 h1 f7 A8 p" Y6 S1 J& s6 |; w
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪/ A0 A/ \ b: ^3 m( ]) }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 R* ^/ \5 o5 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。$ A5 t6 o5 s+ r- ]/ \
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1 S8 h4 s$ i9 m: s5 M& RTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：' P1 X/ L1 }+ x2 \ h* F! f9 I0 E0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。8 P3 A: \& i3 c! I7 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">4 Q' h# H$ B, M+ q
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# E1 D* d9 ?4 T) }6 `* s kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊- W/ d0 Z- U- F. C) _2 Y2 c6 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; S! O& d( b8 M% J, p
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# N" e- w) w7 PTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：6 t; h1 _& a. t% B! P5 h1 V# X* Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理8 J0 @- N% H/ v1 V3 F9 G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。7 m0 i6 y9 [% \5 H- M8 Q
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; N4 N( M' t' z9 x6 v2 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱5 Y* u% g5 |" B1 }% g" Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, C1 j' \9 T% ~1 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧. W% v9 r" i. m' O7 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 O( { i) [* ~2 a
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i4 E# E" j9 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等/ M- p7 G* ^, D/ i: Umso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( O |7 ~1 i: |: Q4 t4 C; d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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