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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ! c6 E Q) F% N3 H$ K+ B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) N+ i: y7 |* x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。 A, A- @" E, U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。# v2 V" N% N" f" ^, M$ G* K, G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 P" E- d) n- \& p0 K
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; j# v+ E& ?7 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？. i2 Y/ s% J! U( ~' X( c
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0 J7 C: P- ]) M+ PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。! R, ]" ~' `( Q' T; u" s. t, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服/ X" L- B5 S7 |3 T$ |
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2 @" r, S J! ^, v v7 t$ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。: ~' G6 `/ I# B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白9 L% n$ `$ m8 Q9 f* N. V, {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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\8 i, y7 w" zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学8 @: S* O3 u; \# I/ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？+ a. i8 {! H* kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 e; `+ r! G; B; X+ A8 e$ ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”( P1 n( K x9 t# U. _) J- X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚: v/ W! T* C# {- `' ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" {3 j1 E8 b: KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！' B) _ L( r9 l3 P8 S
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7 \! ?+ Z) A/ B7 k3 u' _1 p9 x5 b2 R! ?- X/ KTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie+ }! Q8 r: b9 Z- @( E7 v* u9 X10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 c* T& b ?1 S3 E
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( j+ h5 J. K% ]; j( G8 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假. V0 K5 o, _( U7 A: emso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; u" { S$ s9 \
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7 w' _$ H% }9 S; a9 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是/ X2 P* d1 W, y% P7 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“" J" ?) T" x' u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题: V, C! |, q5 S' M2 h: g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。 v+ v4 e. e4 f8 E- smso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 C% f# j; j/ t& ?1 d2 |9 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 W4 k) X) R6 L; V$ u( Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴8 k) @2 {2 O3 F) m F
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