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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 7 B2 X( O( x8 t' @8 emso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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" s& T8 o8 q* l+ g- ~4 oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ w$ ^# o5 N: }6 a3 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">1. |. S- L: y9 ]1 J1 N, n$ a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：/ m8 L# K' H% {) Y" Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" k6 ?+ C' k# u# [; O3 H: b/ l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。; g" P2 A7 t* \6 H+ K' o2 O0 v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。- B5 _0 W9 o$ b7 K& f0 o i F
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2 m' }7 i& i1 G, v3 L" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 u: m; z# H( n1 v, k9 }, K/ R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。8 ^; z! U" _9 F3 [! z9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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3 t& ^& }& v2 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？. ?( g9 c8 |! j( a+ s+ p7 j- Q
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2 s/ b1 U" J; i$ UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. @0 {7 \/ p: A2 O; ^. Z7 m
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4 j& ~5 L- N7 g* X) F7 UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( y: d, z+ h$ v" U! a* {$ X
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- o" Z9 L4 |* W2 {' D, H# c, r) h1 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢 E* Q7 z% T, g) _% J* z. Q8 V
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+ R8 Z" ]8 l P2 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服5 f1 [3 ~' h2 h4 B
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$ z# U* o/ O3 y3 n, m4 s- i* hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新" |6 e- Z0 X: ~
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4 P8 S4 f# ?- D7 y6 @, ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白/ k- d' F1 I% D, N1 R
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* J# Q/ Q' H3 b! Z9 O) a+ a3 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学# [) P; K; Y1 B' \
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8 D: i) }# }4 k7 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说' L9 ^0 [1 s* U5 y; {/ }; n4 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚 R. ]) F* V& l, e8 \8 g
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* H* M3 U2 ~: \8 o+ l/ C: P, KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！! r- B9 ~9 _ m& Tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 e* _ W7 e6 E2 v z: R0 O
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) @" U; M$ |6 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假 l$ R: m J% Y3 U6 M# Q E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是+ g# g! M2 D8 G2 V) r% }' `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题6 ?7 ]3 i8 g- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 k+ g. |& b) l% m( ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。* e- I, A: ~& Q' i0 Y, @" U" {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴' O# S$ P3 X) y* w* v- C6 K" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 q1 \' t: W; u( T8 k, afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ P8 |& P5 [4 e: y8 C; n8 i& i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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